Well, people here seem to disagree, so take this for what it's worth, but executing a neural net doesnt have a series of logical steps like an algorithm (add X to Y), but instead knowledge is implicitly stored in the link strengths of the neural network that leads to a certain output.
Since there isn't a plain sequence of steps that can be followed to explain the output, i'd say a different term is justified. Whether you call that "intelligence" is debatable.
If those sequences of steps are intentionally designed I lean more towards it being algorithm. It gets a little confusing when thinking about writing a path finding algorithm that takes you from A to B using randomness to get there (trying different spatial directions)
You wrote the code that tries random directions, but you are not choosing which directions it takes when executed.
Since there isn't a plain sequence of steps that can be followed to explain the output, i'd say a different term is justified. Whether you call that "intelligence" is debatable.