There is such a thing but the scope is usually limited to a problem, a project, a department or a company. A good example would be OCaml and Jane Street for the latter.
Right. So for the exact same problem domain, one company might use Java and another might use Haskell, purely because of history, the candidates they can find, and any number of other possible concerns.
None of this has anything to do with objective technical superiority of one solution or another, assuming you could make that case definitively. And if one could make that case, technical superiority is only one input into a much more complicated decision-making process.
Again: there is no one true language. There never was and there never will be. Our entire industry, hell, all industries, operate based on tradeoffs, whether those be business, technical, political, or other. Why would programming language selection be any different?
