One workload where I find it worse: if my access pattern is sequential reads from the start of a file (no seeking or random access), or could reasonably be rewritten as such. In that case, using mmap() breaks some expected Unixy flexibility, because it demands real files, while there's no reason in this access pattern that your program should die if it finds a named pipe instead. Of course you could test for pipe and provide an alternate read path, but then you might as well just use that for real files too, instead of maintaining two paths.