I'd say something that uses a USB connector but violates the standard is an example of non-standard. A Lightning plug that doesn't work according to spec might also be non-standard.

Lightning is probably standardized by some reasonable definition of "standardized." It's proprietary, it's not an open standard, but it's a standard.

All this is splitting hairs. The criticism against lightning doesn't depend on the distinction non-standard v. not-an-open-standard.