> So how can we “carefully consider potential impacts”? Honestly, I don’t have any answers to this. I don’t think that there really is a universal answer yet, because if we had it I have to believe we’d not be building these dangerous pieces of software.

So, there is no general answer to the problem, but you can always approximate it by asking: are you working for the US defense/intelligence industry or one of its contractors? If so, you are almost certainly building something harmful.