This is from when I was using Linux full-time around 2010, but I was a foobar2000 user on Windows and wound up using Quod Libet as the best Linux-side replacement for it I could find. It wasn't a perfect substitute, but it worked for my needs.

(Some searching suggests that DeaDBeeF might be an even closer match these days, but it was brand new and I didn't hear about it back then.)