does anyone run production code with 'go run'?

depends on how you view/classify production, sometimes yes I do!

if I refactor some too complicated bash script into a script.go file and then execute it against production DBs/APIs with a `go run`.

Dealing like this with uncomplicated bash scripts also has a great future.

I am new to go, how do people usually run go code in production?

That's missing the point. The article isn't about an advantage for large production projects.