Yes, Docker can leverage Rosetta.
I haven't used Docker Desktop in a bit (b/c I end up doing my work in a VM on Azure since I work on Azure), but not too long ago there was an option to enable it in the settings panel, not sure if it's default or not these days.
Any Linux VM can use Rosetta[1] you just need to enable it when booting the vm.
This creates a shared directory in the vm that you need to mount and then register Rosetta with binfmt_misc (same way Docker uses qemu).
> Any Linux VM hosted under Virtualization.framework can use Apple's Rosetta 2 for Linux translation binary via binfmt_misc
FTFY
You don't need the mount, it just exposes the Linux binary stored on macOS, which you can copy over. The binary does check for it being run under virt.fw, although some folks managed to hack that away (IIRC running it on AWS whatever)
Any Linux VM can use Rosetta[1] you just need to enable it when booting the vm. This creates a shared directory in the vm that you need to mount and then register Rosetta with binfmt_misc (same way Docker uses qemu).
[1] https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization/run...