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A countercurrent heat exchanger could transfer up to 99% of the heat from the steam to the ocean water: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_exchange


That's obviously the way to go, but… Where does the 99% come from?


The theoretical efficiency could almost reach 1 with an infinite tube. In practice I've seen ~80%.


It sounds to me like the 'condenser' is perhaps wrapped around the water intake.


Do we want to heat up the oceans that much though?


I believe the heat is being transferred to the ocean water entering the desalination process, which reduces the energy required for desalination, so no transfer of heat to the ocean itself.




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