Yes, but this data is held by the cell phone companies. Based on the article, this is using "data from apps in accordance with their legal agreements" so that doesn't seem to be the source.
I hope cell phone companies require warrants for the data (they should per Carpenter v. United States) although I don't really trust them.
Handshaking between mobile/cell phone and mobile/cell bases continues somewhere between every 10 to 20 minutes.
Data exchanged include; IMEI [1], IMSI [2], and both handset transmit power level, receiver power level to each mobile/cell bases databases.
Coupling both the mobile/cell bases databases and the locations topographical data allows RDF [3].
So even if you have location data turned off, you can still be tracked.
[1] International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMEI
[2] International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_mobile_subscri...
[3] Direction Finding (DF) (aka) Radio Direction Finding (RDF) : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_direction_finder