My understanding is that "yourself", "myself", etc. are reflexive pronouns. I.e., they're used when and only when referring to the very same person as the sentence's subject.
The examples you mentioned fit that pattern. The message on the computer screen doesn't.
Who is the subject being by (the object): yourself
The grammar in the original sentence is correct, you're just getting confused about which word is the verb. "Repairable" is not a verb, it is an adjective.
Another way to phrase the same sentence would be "by yourself, you can repair the system". Another phrasing would be "you can repair the system when you are by yourself". You would not say "by you, you can repair the system".
"Repairable by you" is a different, also grammatically correct sentence, with a different meaning. "You can repair it" and "you can repair it on your own" (aka "by yourself") mean two different things.
I thought that the article you posted didn't really apply to the phrase "by yourself". The examples quoted there sounded much more grating to me (using "myself" as the subject of a sentence for instance).
I'm certainly not in a position to argue in favor or against the question if "by yourself" could ever be "correct" grammar in the passive voice. An easier question would be whether "you can repair it yourself" sounds cleaner than "it is repairable by yourself". And there I'd certainly agree.
English Grammar is arbitrary and there is really no such thing as a "correct" form, only a formal one. Which is kind of elitist and disparaging imo.
Ain't is my favorite example. It was considered proper English until the lower class started using it [0]
I'm not against formal grammar but to grammar nazi everyday language is to be nothing more than an elitist pedant who presumes form to be more correct than function (which is only true in creative writing imo)
If your goal is to use traditionally correct grammar, use "you" rather than "yourself".
More info here [0].
[0] https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/ct-xpm-2012-09-05-...