What do you mean by "arbitrary binary"? Surely, you don't mean that absolutely any binary blob should be a meaningful executable. Because that would mean that my computer doesn't have an operating system because it's only capable of running binaries built for Ubuntu on amd64 -- if your binaries targeting BSD on ARM can be viewed as "arbitrary," then surely they shouldn't be expected to run on my pseudo-operating system.
No, every operating system that I know of makes some assumptions about the language that programs are written in. On my amd64/Ubuntu system, the language is largely specified by the processor (and, yes, has a binary format) and the programs are allowed to assume the presence of various devices, formats of various system calls, etc. Other languages are supported through a complicated system of compilers, interpreters and assemblers.
Or, coming at a different tack: does the existence of a C->Smalltalk transpiler turn the Smalltalk-based pseudo-OS into a real OS? What if the pseudo-OS doesn't ship the transpiler, and you need to run that yourself in user-space?
No, every operating system that I know of makes some assumptions about the language that programs are written in. On my amd64/Ubuntu system, the language is largely specified by the processor (and, yes, has a binary format) and the programs are allowed to assume the presence of various devices, formats of various system calls, etc. Other languages are supported through a complicated system of compilers, interpreters and assemblers.
Or, coming at a different tack: does the existence of a C->Smalltalk transpiler turn the Smalltalk-based pseudo-OS into a real OS? What if the pseudo-OS doesn't ship the transpiler, and you need to run that yourself in user-space?