> The period from 1947-2014 didn't really lead to major improvements in scientific ecosystems, apart from creation of few educational institutes (IITs, IISc).

And I guess institutions like:

Defence Research and Development Organisations (DRDO), Indian Space Research Organisation, Baba Atomic Resarch Centre, Hindustan Aeronautical Limited, Defence Research and Development Laboratories, Ordnance Factory Board Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‎, Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research‎, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Indian Institute of Millets Research, Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Indian Institute of Soil Science, National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Dairy Research Institute, National Sugar Institute, Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Central Institute of Indian Languages, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, National Centre for Disease Control, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health,, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, National Institute of Epidemiology, National Institute of Immunology, India, National Institute of Malaria Research, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, National Institute of Virology, National Research Institute for Panchakarma, National Tuberculosis Institute, Neurobiology Research Centre, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Rain Forest Research Institute, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Centre for Forest Based Livelihood and Extension, Centre for Forestry Research and Human Resource Development, Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Rehabilitation, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Indian Council of Historical Research, Indian Council of Social Science Research, Indian Diamond Institute, Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations, Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Sindhology, Indian Social Institute, Indian Social Institute, Bangalore, National Academy of Sciences, India, National Brain Research Centre, National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, National Institute of Ayurveda, National Institute of Hydrology, National Institute of Science Education and Research, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Research Design and Standards Organisation, Xavier Institute of Social Service

emerged after 2014?? /s India didn't even have the technology to manufacture a safety pin when the British left India. Today India is one of the few countries in the world that has mastered medical, nuclear, space, missile, defence and agricultural sciences to be among the few countries that is self-sufficient in these areas. And that is because of the scientific temperement of the past indian government.

You are right. Starting with almost nothing, the first Indian governments had a lot of scope for development. The list of institutions has had some effect on the society, and to the areas around them mainly in South India. Some of the previous governments really led to improvement (specially during Congress' Indira Gandhi's time and BJP's Atal Bihari Vajpayee's time) in certain areas.

But that is not enough. Science is still not a viable career for large percentage of the population, most of the technologies (specially commercial) are still imported, there aren't many companies in the private sector which are innovating.

Unfortunately none of the current political leadership across political parties give any confidence in this area. The current ruling party wants to live in the glory of the past and give comments about imaginary times. The main opposition party doesn't even try to promise anything better. Since Indira Gandhi, none in Congress have even tried to include science in the election manifesto in any major way. The previous UPA government was a big let down in this area. The other marginal national parties and regional parties are even worse. They don't even pretend to improve anything in this area.