Good point! Does the intent system allow for a cross-intent permission misappropriation? With the proliferation of ad-supported apps on Android, this would be quite troubling.
It does, in that you can send any information you want from one app to another.
But there are two reasons it doesn't make sense to me:
1) This is a huge violation of trust - Google specifically says that you shouldn't collect information just to add it to the ad request.
2) It is not enough that the app where the information comes from also uses adMob, it has to be signed by the same key as the app that is reading the information. That is only possible if both apps where developed by the same developer.