Here's some stats i dug up the last time when we were comparing LA to NYC...Seattle's differences are probably even more extreme. Sure they could have done better from a policy perspective, but the difference in outcome is not purely driven by policy and the stats between areas with widely divergent levels of transmission opportunity aren't really that comparable.
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'More subway' doesn't really capture it. NYC has ~70x the daily ridership on metro rapid transit.
NYC also has the lowest car ownership in the nation, so you're basically left with walking or uber/taxi/public transportation just to get to the store/doctor/etc.
"Andrew Cuomo: 13.9% of New Yorkers
Tested Positive for Coronavirus
Antibodies; 21% in NYC"
The 21% is huge.
So, it looks like the virus spread much
faster than symptoms indicated and now
ballpark 1/4th NYC has been "exposed" to
the virus and is either infected without
symptoms or recovered without ever having
significant or any symptoms. Amazing.
So, if want to accept the usual situation
for viruses, then the 1/4 of the
population soon can't get or transmit the
virus.
is, call it an exploitation of
a captive audience,
> When the first cases of the new
coronavirus surfaced in Ohio’s prisons,
the director in charge felt like she was
fighting a ghost.
> “We weren’t always able to pinpoint where
all the cases were coming from,” said
Annette Chambers-Smith, director of the
Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and
Correction. As the virus spread, they
began mass testing.
> They started with the Marion Correctional
Institution, which houses 2,500 prisoners
in north central Ohio, many of them older
with pre-existing health conditions.
After testing 2,300 inmates for the
coronavirus, they were shocked. Of the
2,028 who tested positive, close to 95%
had no symptoms.
> “It was very surprising,” said
Chambers-Smith, who oversees the state’s
28 correctional facilities.
and the article has more such data.
Then if want to accept an estimate that
50% of the population immune means herd
immunity, NYC is ballpark half way to
herd immunity which would be close to
the end of the epidemic. E.g., even
people in NYC so far never exposed to the
virus would not get infected even from
infected new arrivals before they were
recovered or dead.
So, a guess is that the virus SARS-COV-2
is very strange in two respects: (1) It
is astoundingly communicative, that is,
spreads very easily and (2) has some huge
fraction of people with the virus but
without symptoms.
A guess at an explanation: In NYC, the
virus was often getting spread just via
the air, e.g., via building central HVAC
systems?
The good news, if want to believe all such
evidence and related common assumptions,
is that we can get to a fraction of the
population with immunity large enough to
have herd immunity and, thus,
essentially be well on the way to the end
of the epidemic, all surprisingly quickly.
> If so, then they would be well on the way to herd immunity and, thus, essentially at the end new cases and the end of the epidemic.
Only, there's no evidence that folks who recover from COVID are immune. Herd immunity might never come, so lockdowns remain beneficial in reducing hospital crowding.
> Only, there's no evidence that folks who recover from COVID are immune.
Yup. But the usual assumption, experience, history, situation, whatever of viruses is that recovery means immunity at least for some significant time, say, a year or so.
Also, I stated
> So, if want to accept the usual situation for viruses,
I didn't explicitly repeat this qualification just before your quote but went for fewer words.
A lot of people miss that herd immunity is likely the only reasonable path. Some models show decay to low case counts in a few weeks, but I'm not buying it.
Here in the SF Bay Area, I'm seeing a 40% decay weekly in hospital admissions. If you assume infections outnumber hospital admissions by 20x, it's going to be months before we reach the low case counts (1 per million) needed for contact tracing and suppression efforts amid semi-normal activities. And that's assuming we keep the 40% decay rate, and don't encounter subpopulations with higher Rt's that keep the virus circulating much longer or even growing.
>> So, if want to accept the usual situation for viruses...
You're saying that we should assume "normal situation" in the face of evidence that your assumptions do not hold. Anything you say based on this faulty assumption is hardly worth consideration.
Folks don't develop immunity to this virus. They can get re-infected immediately after recovering. Herd immunity is a phenomenon observed elsewhere, but not here.
> Folks don't develop immunity to this virus. They can get re-infected immediately after recovering.
This is an extraordinary claim without evidence.
There's a few case reports of "reinfection", but they are rare. In all cases A) symptoms were mild, and B) researchers were unable to culture SARS-CoV-2 from them. Many viral illnesses have people shed virus again a few times after "recovering", and this seems no different.
A bigger concern is, humans seem to lose antibodies to coronaviruses with time-- this is how we get the common cold again and again. But infections after the first time seem to be less severe, thanks to longer-lived immunity from memory t-cells, etc. And at least for SARS-COV-1, immunity lasted quite a bit longer than typical for other human coronaviruses, with decent antibody titers at 3 years (no followup past then).
> You're saying that we should assume "normal situation" in the face of evidence that your assumptions do not hold.
Not really! As you say, this virus is new. Soooooo, we are short on info. So, we should entertain several possibilities.
I didn't say "should" and, to entertain more than one possibility, only said "If"! Biggie difference.
Yup, we don't know. If we do a lot of very well designed and executed statistical trials, controlled, double blind, randomized, simple random sample, stratified sample, etc., then maybe in five years we will know enough to be sure on all the major points, across seasons, ages, other medical conditions, reinfection, spreading via HVAC systems, therapeutics with dosages, side effects, and contraindications, vaccines with number of shots, contraindications, etc. Ah, just wait five years!!!!
Well, nope, to paraphrase, we go to war with the info we have and not the info we want.
So, for the info we have, from the history of viruses, once recovered, then likely immune for a long time; for now we have to take that seriously and maybe are in effect forced to act as if we believe it.
Yup, there are reports of "reinfection" from maybe China or South Korea -- I didn't pay much attention to those reports due to concerns about, call it, data quality. But, net, yup, maybe in some cases, maybe even in all cases, recovery does not mean immunity.
At high cost, we will be finding out with some relatively good data, and in less than five years! Did I mention high cost?
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'More subway' doesn't really capture it. NYC has ~70x the daily ridership on metro rapid transit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_rapid_tr...
Overall population density is much higher as well:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_b...
NYC also has the lowest car ownership in the nation, so you're basically left with walking or uber/taxi/public transportation just to get to the store/doctor/etc.
https://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-...
Also ~25% more airline traffic hauling bugs in from everywhere.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_city_airport_s...
Combined with a long transmissable dwell time before symptoms, wouldn't surprise me if 90%+ of the people in NYC were materially exposed.