You can get by, but you won't enjoy yourself as much as if you spoke the language, same as most places.
Italy is a fantastic place to visit, it has almost as much natural variety as California (mountains, rivers, lakes, estuaries, the arid south), with a quantity of culture, history and man-made things unequaled in the US - or pretty much anywhere else for that matter.
http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=dolomites&um...
If you wanted, you could even live in places like that - maybe not quite so spectacular, but nothing to sneeze at, either.