I don't have personal knowledge, but my understanding is that timeseries data in the oil industry is insane scale. Think 10s or 100s of wells in a field, sensors at regular distances in every well each taking multiple readings (temperature, flow etc) on a sub-second cadence. And a big oil company will of course have many fields.
It's in the same league as timeseries data in financial markets, which I have more direct experience of. Financial timeseries data probably has more metadata (trade/order flags etc) but in terms of raw data it's similar.
What the article is talking about is an order of magnitude larger. Think millions of data points per minute coming out of a medium sized data center. It gets harder when you look at the cardinality of the data (explained better by the article), which corresponds to the sized of the indexes.
It's in the same league as timeseries data in financial markets, which I have more direct experience of. Financial timeseries data probably has more metadata (trade/order flags etc) but in terms of raw data it's similar.