At first the zoo was menagerie only for the pleasure not about conservation. They evolved to conservation.
Now they see that they can not properly take care of animals, even if they try to do their best they still do not know how to do it right. New sickness, etc.
The only way to save animals is by decree a land where human do not have any rights to go their.
Many other species lack diversity and therefore suffer from genetic diversity, they need to exchange species between country in order to grow the diversity, new sickness are born but yes they are professionals.
There's not real reason to stay in the old menagerie system, animals have rights to live and if we need food we need to protect them. Point barre, like we say in French.
Any real expert in dolphins can tell you that dolphins can not be safely sedated because, unlike us, the breath in cetaceans is voluntary. Basic zoology principles. Yes, zoologists and vets are professionals for something. They studied a lot of years and know their stuff. Surgery in dolphins is always a risk. If you put a dolphin to sleep, the dolphin "forgets to breath" and dies quickly.
Therefore the author of the article wrote some very unlikely accusations without any clear proof (and obviously do not know much about real dolphins). The idea of sedating dolphins regularly in a show for any extended period of time just because they "don't feel like dancing today" is ludicrous. This kind of defamatory articles are sadly as common as successful collecting money from their naive public.
>Any real expert in dolphins can tell you that dolphins can not be safely sedated because, unlike us, the breath in cetaceans is voluntary.
I don't understand any french so I can't say much about that article, but as a local from Nuremberg, I can support the prior statement about them using drugs to keep their animals in check. I'm also not so sure about your statement because I found a paper regarding the effects of diazepam use on captive bottlenose dolphins [0], explicitly stating that:
"It is very tempting to use these medications as a management tool. They can be used to help mask the problems of poor husbandry, and of inappropriate and depauperate environments."
and:
"There is considerable potential for diazepam to be misused and the welfare of animals compromised. It may be used to help cover up serious deficiencies in management and husbandry, and there is strong evidence of it being misused in dolphinaria."
So this practice most certainly ain't as unheard of as you are implying.
They use psychotropic drugs, along with a rather long list of 20 other medicaments to keep the animals alive in those sorry living conditions [1], the data on the medication came straight out of the zoo's files. The zoo's director himself argued that giving dolphins diazepam is a totally normal thing to do to increase their appetite [2].
Even as a kid I never liked that place, seeing these animals perform tricks in a sterile indoor pool, with their back fins hanging down, felt unnatural and made me feel sorry for these poor creatures. They also had a hippo there that was housed in a tank that's barely been bigger than the hippo itself. I'm not an animal expert, but I have empathy and that was and still is enough to recognize what's happening there ain't good or healthy for these animals.
Sorry for replying to myself, but I found some further information on this that might be quite interesting (and sad). WDC released a press briefing based on the files they received from the Nuremberg zoo in 2016 [0], couldn't find an English version and the full report was supposed to be released in summer of 2016, I also couldn't find that.
But what's described in the press briefing is already bad enough.
On page 4 and 5 they list examples where dolphins got treated with Diazepam and even males with synthetic progestogen (female hormones) to influence their anti-social behavior resulting from the poor living conditions
They even administered Diazepam to pregnant dolphins, the calf needed to be treated with antibiotics regularly because the mother would keep hurting it and in turn, the mother would get Diazepam in an attempt to tone her behavior down.
Because the anti-social behavior is so common dolphins regularly have to be isolated, furthering their mental issues.
Tbh none of this is surprising to me, in nature these animals are known to make 4.000 km journeys, 90 km a day, diving down to 500 meters. In Nuremberg 9 of them are stuck in shallow concrete pools with the total area of 1/4th of a soccer field. No room to evade social conflicts, nothing exciting to discover so, of course, these very intelligent animals are going crazy in such an environment, I know I would.
Please, note thay there is not one single bibliographic reference in the John A. Knight article from 2013. Something that is not common in science. This is an opinion article (or just a report mixing facts about valium and opinions), not a peer reviewed publication in a standard scientific journal.
And of course "Is very tempting to use it", "There is considerable potential for diazepam to be misused" and "It may be used for evil things" is not the same thing as "It was used for evil things". Almost anything could be harmful. There is considerable potential for coffe to be used for evil things also, but this is not its common use.
If, as the author claims, "there is strong evidence of their misuse in dolphinariums" please, show us the evidence.
In your third link in deustch says that the Berlin Zoo director Dag Encke claimed the accusations of drugged dolphins as being "bullshit" and "defamation" and that of course any ill dolphin is treated instead to let it die; an idea that seems sensible and do not supposes any moral problem to me.
See my follow up comment about the Nuremberg zoo. There it's on record they regularly use diazepam (in way too high doses even on pregnant dolphins) and synthetic progestogen to deal with the anti-social behavior of males, quite regularly. The director himself doesn't even deny it, claiming it's good for the animal's appetite, which is normally considered a side-effect (from the süddeutsche article)
Keep in mind that this is the very same director (he's director of the Nuremberg Zoo, Berlin doesn't have any dolphins) who demanded a dolphin breeding program gets started in Nuremberg to attract more visitors, even tho nobody on the staff had any experience with something like that. [0]
The very same director who thinks staff shouldn't intervene when dolphins attack each other because "that wouldn't happen in nature" [0], never mind that in nature these animals have quite a bit more room to evade each other than a somewhat bigger swimming pool.
Of course they're professionals, but modern Zoos are there for entertainment first. The conservation part is not priority anymore. If we need them for conservation then let's focus on that, no need to have thousands of people visiting.
And no need to spend lots of money each day to feed the animals. Just put the zebras and lions in the same recint and watch the good old PETA-approved nature in action. You obtain super-happy lions (except those kicked in the head with an open fracture maybe).
For some animals yes, but not for all. It seems that for some birds is more like a sink, constantly recolonized by birds from other zones that die quickly. Chernobil is unique in many aspects, as a defy, an economic burden for all european countries and an opportunity. I think that should be declared as the first supranational european park, watched and cleaned as soon as possible. Radioactive animals living in Chernobyl travel across all europe and migrate towards the nord also so is a problem for EU, and also for the countries belonging to the old Soviet Union that can't be managed for one single country.
Because furtivism, habitat loss, contamination, sixth extinction, education and conservation.
Because some species only survive in zoos today.
Because only 9 of each 10 wild lions in Africa had dissapeared in one human generation lapse time, etc, etc...