Not at all. That particular project uses https://github.com/GoogleChrome/chrome-app-samples/tree/mast... in Chome. It is a server, and it runs in Chrome. I've made an extension that works as an API so that external clients can connect to it to access the DOM and change parts of a webpage.

It'd be stupid, but there's no reason why you couldn't use a system like that, running in Chrome, listening on an IP address, to do pretty much anything a "real" server does. The user wouldn't know. It's just a server, or "the cloud".