According to the spec, AMP developers are prohibited from adding their own JS, yet they are mandated to include a <script src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0.js" async></script> tag as the last element in the <head>. I find it amusing that the JavaScript library itself is 137KB big (38KB gzipped).
However like any CDN content, the goal would be for it to be cached if it's in common use across AMP sites. One JS module that covers a large number of content delivery sites seems like a plus to me. I can't vouch for the whole concept yet though, still reading through their spec.