This seems more like a problem with GDI and/or DirectWrite(as well as how each browser is making use of them), less to do with chrome vs. firefox vs. IE vs. VS.
Chrome on Chrome OS (using FreeType 2) properly aligns the text in that <pre>, as does firefox on GNU/Linux (also using FreeType 2, in addition to graphite). On FreeType with Chrome or Graphite, the full-width latin characters are also rendered with the correct weight and face. Something that Chrome and IE on Windows seem to get wrong in your screenshots.
Chrome on Chrome OS (using FreeType 2) properly aligns the text in that <pre>, as does firefox on GNU/Linux (also using FreeType 2, in addition to graphite). On FreeType with Chrome or Graphite, the full-width latin characters are also rendered with the correct weight and face. Something that Chrome and IE on Windows seem to get wrong in your screenshots.