An aside but "Making Money" by Terry Pratchett references a similar sub-office of the Post Office in Ankh-Morpork--the Blind Letter Office. Amusingly, Lord Vetinari is able to assist with some as their addresses are mis-spelled vague directions rather than strict addresses.
A research briefing document from the House Of Common Library (https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-...) states that the Memorandum of Understanding on which the scheme relies states no upper limit on the amount of people that can be sent to Rwanda.
'signed' and 'unsigned' on their own--act as short-hand for 'signed int' and 'unsigned int' in C and C++.
Note that the size of an 'int' is dependant on the "data model"[1]. As for whether it's the most optimal is far too context dependant.
A data model that defaults 'int's to 32 bits on today's (and yesterday's) architectures is fine in many cases as the range of that type is acceptable for most usages without excessive wastage.
Certain data models do specify that 'int' is 64 bits which can break some programmer's assumptions, and also lead to space wastage as a struct member or a stack slot has to have 64 bits allocated for it on paper.
Data models are part of the ABI your program uses, so it's not necessarily optimal for any given system.
> This is a great overview. I don't remember having to put in padding instructions to prevent the pipeline issues mentioned here; maybe we just never ran into that. (I wrote pretty much all the R3000 code for Crash 1 and just do not recall problems like that coming up.)
If you were using the GNU assembler, it automatically fills branch delay slots with nop instructions unless you prefix assembly code as using `.set noreorder`. GAS would also handle load delay slots as well.
Inserting NOPs is a waste of code space and execution resources though. If resources are not too tight, this is fine.
We used gcc on a MIPS M4K in a communication chip. We had a lot of existing C code and were short on ROM and on CPU cycles. Therefore a few co-workers wrote a tool which parsed the gcc asm output to fill the branch delay slot with an instruction with no side effects on the branch. It also fixed some gcc issue with 16 bit memory accesses in C were created as 32 bit load instruction in asm (which can be two cycles if the first 16 bit of a 32 bit word are needed). I had a HW/SW cosim setup to test code and hardware (Verilog). These were cool projects. Good memories (although quite vague now).
PS: If we would have had a license of the Green Hills compiler we could have saved some of the effort. IIRC it did branch delay slot optimization.
Indeed, the likes of x86 little endian assumptions of programmers (even compiler engineers) can be hilarious (in the sad clown way) when targeting something like MIPS64 big endian.
> There is, for a revocation of article 50 notice to be legal, Parliament has to pass a motion directing the Government to do so[1].
We're talking here about what MPs can reject or not, and the fact that Parliament must direct the government before the government doing it is legal is not a legal barrier to MPs taking action on it (the form of which action would be an Act of Parliament directing the government.)
The subtly here is that usually a government commands an overall majority of Parliament, but weak/minority governments have to worry about government rebels.
MIPS has what's called an Application Specific Extension (ASE) basis for extending a given MIPS core for particular areas.
The MIPS DSP ASE extends the base instruction set with certain instructions applicable to various codecs of the day that the ASE was defined for. It's essentially extending a general purpose cpu to efficiently perform DSP like tasks.
It would be more likely that nanoMIPS would be considered for open sourcing if that the implementation was to be made open source. Otherwise it would be the fobbing off of releasing the code to the InterAptiv which has MIPS16e(2) support.
