People who know alcohol is bad for them and don't want to keep being drunks but keep drinking, people who believe phones are bad for their kids but still buy them, people who understand AI will significantly degrade the environment if it becomes ubiquitous but still work to help it become ubiquitous...
Mathematicians who publish proofs that are later proven inconsistent!
I suspect we have fundamentally different views of how humans work. I see our behavior and beliefs as _mostly_ irrational, with only a few "reasoning live-zones" where, with great effort, we can achieve logical thought.
Well most of your examples are about failure to act based on reasoning rather than failure to reason, except the mathematics one which is unfair as research mathematics is a very hard task - either subtle errors, reasoning in new fields, or extremely long chains of reasoning.
How can you know? One could argue that the entire phenomenon of cognitive dissonance is "people (internally) recognize the contradiction and then perform it"
You can't think of any domains where we are unable to apply this rule? I feel like I'm surrounded by people claiming "A, therefore -A!!"
And if I'm one of them, and this were a reasoning dead-zone for me, I wouldn't be able to tell!